• Power System :
- Large diesel engine to provide the main source of power.
- Electrical generator, power by diesel engines to provide electrical power
- Hoisting system, used for lifting heavy loads;consists of a mechanical winch (draw works) with a large steel cable spool, a block-and-tackle pulley and a receiving storage reel for the cable.
- Swivel, large handle that holds the weight of the drill string; allows the string to rotate and makes a pressure-tight seal on the hole.
- Kelly, four- or six-sided pipe that transfers rotary motion to the turntable and drill string
- Turntable or rotary table - drives the rotating motion using power from electric motors.
- Drilling string consists of drill pipe (connected sections of about 30 ft / 10 m) and drill collars (larger diameter, heavier pipe that fits around the drill pipe and places weight on the drill bit)
- Pump, sucks mud from the mud pits and pumps it to the drilling apparatus.
- Pipes and hoses, connects pump to drilling apparatus.
- Mud Return line, returns mud from hole.
- Shale shaker, shaker/sieve that separates rock cuttings from mud.
- Reserve pit, collects rock cutting separated from the mud.
- Mud pits, where drilling mud is mixed and recycled.
- Mud-mixing hopper, where new mud is mixed and then sent to the mud pits.
- High pressure valves (located under the land rig or on the sea floor) that seal the high-pressure drill lines and relieve pressure when necessary to prevent a blowout (uncontrolled gush of gas or oil to the surface, often associated with fire).
Drilling fluid (mud) function:
- Cleaning the hole.
- Cooling / lubrication of bit & drill string.
- Lifting cutting to the surface.
- Protecting wellbore wells.
- Controlling formation pressure.
- Obtaining downhole information.
- Oil based mud.
- Water based mud.
- Drilling with air.
- Foam drilling.
- Aerated drilling.
- Bentonite, swell when wet, to control viscosity.
- Barite, four times heavier than water.
- Caustic soda, to control pH of mud.
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